What is a material footprint?
“Material footprint” refers to the total amount of raw materials extracted to meet the demands of consumption. It is one indication of how economic growth is putting pressure on the environment. The material needs of people living on this planet are increasing drastically. The global material footprint rose from 43 billion metric tons in 1990 to 92 billion in 2017 — an increase of 113%. One study estimates it would take 5 Earths to support the human population if everyone’s consumption patterns were similar to the average American.
What comprises our material footprint?
The basic ingredients for production are sun, air, water, minerals, vegetation & wildlife. These resources provide us food, energy, shelter and transportation; creating increased human health & wellbeing. Manufacturing of goods fluctuates based upon the availability of resources. The availability of resources is influenced by how efficiently they are used, the amount of waste created and the impact to the environment.
Are there patterns in material usage?
Our global material footprint continues to grow. Fluctuations in that growth correlate to disruptions such as war, energy crisis, recession and the recent global pandemic. The material footprint of high-income countries is more than 13x higher than that of low-income countries. The lifestyles of people in the richest nations are heavily dependent on resources extracted from poorer countries. Developed nations have also outsourced the material- and energy-intensive stages of their production to less resource-efficient countries, meaning that up to 5x as many natural resources are needed to create the same output!
How will we decrease our global material footprint?
Well-designed policies are necessary to enable a fundamental shift towards sustainable consumption and production patterns. The economic benefits are well understood but social benefits are still largely overlooked. Policies designed to increase diversity and inclusion are proven to support economic development. We need to implement policy that demonstrates responsible management of our Earth’s finite resources — at a personal, corporate, national and international scale!